ATEX essentials
Explosion protection, clearly explained.
Wherever flammable gases, vapours, mists or dusts occur together with oxygen and an ignition source, an explosive atmosphere can form. The ATEX directive 2014/34/EU, the German Industrial Safety Regulation and the EN IEC 60079 series set the framework. The key terms at a glance.
Z
Zones
Areas are classified by how often and how long an explosive atmosphere is present. Gases are divided into zones 0, 1 and 2, dusts into zones 20, 21 and 22. The lower the number, the more frequent the hazard.
EN IEC 60079-10-1 and 60079-10-2
K
Equipment category
The required category derives from the zone. Category 1 offers very high safety for the most hazardous zones, category 2 high and category 3 enhanced safety. G stands for gas, D for dust.
ATEX 2014/34/EU
EPL
Equipment protection level
The Equipment Protection Level describes how likely a device is to become an ignition source. Ga and Da stand for very high, Gb and Db for high, Gc and Dc for enhanced protection.
EN IEC 60079-0
Ex
Type of protection
The technical principle that prevents ignition. Examples include flameproof enclosure db, increased safety eb, intrinsic safety ia and ib, and protection by enclosure tb for dusts.
EN IEC 60079-1, -7, -11, -31
II
Explosion group
Gases are classified by ignitability into IIA, IIB and IIC, with the hazard increasing towards IIC. For dusts, IIIA, IIIB and IIIC apply, IIIC covering conductive dust.
EN IEC 60079-0
T
Temperature class
It limits the maximum surface temperature of the device, from T1 at up to 450 °C down to T6 at up to 85 °C. The surface temperature must always stay below the ignition temperature of the medium.
T1 to T6
§
Two ATEX directives
Product directive 2014/34/EU addresses manufacturers and governs placing on the market. Workplace directive 1999/92/EC addresses employers and is implemented in Germany through BetrSichV and GefStoffV.
2014/34/EU and 1999/92/EC
!
Operator obligations
Employers must assess the explosion hazard, classify and mark areas into zones and prepare an explosion protection document before work begins. Installations are subject to recurring inspections.
GefStoffV · BetrSichV · TRBS 2152 and TRGS 720
▣
Operator standards 60079
Parts 10-1 and 10-2 govern zone classification for gas and dust, part 14 design and erection including initial inspection, part 17 recurring inspection and maintenance, part 19 the repair of equipment.
EN IEC 60079-10, -14, -17, -19